Quantum Computing: The Future Technology

  Introduction In the realm of quantum computing, entanglement plays a crucial role as a resource for various quantum information processing tasks. The entanglement concentration protocols are designed to convert partially entangled states into maximally entangled states, thereby enhancing their utility. This blog delves into a recent research work that applies these protocols to subsets of highly entangled multi-qubit states created on the IBM quantum computer. Research Overview Link to Research Paper: Entanglement Concentration of Multi-Qubit Entangled States In this study, the researchers focused on highly entangled multi-qubit states such as Z-states and cluster states. These states are pivotal in measurement-based quantum computation models. The goal was to apply entanglement concentration protocols to these states and analyze the success of the protocol by calculating the success probability. Methodology The researchers utilized the IBM quantum computer and its simulator to ...

Introduction  In the realm of machine learning, class imbalance remains a significant challenge, often leading to biased models and poor predictive performance. Addressing this issue, a novel solution has been proposed in the form of Quantum-SMOTE, a quantum computing approach inspired by the traditional Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). Quantum-SMOTE: Bridging Quantum Computing and Machine Learning  Quantum-SMOTE leverages quantum computing techniques to generate synthetic data points, mitigating the problem of class imbalance in datasets. Unlike conventional SMOTE, which relies on K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Euclidean distances to create synthetic instances, Quantum-SMOTE employs quantum processes such as swap tests and quantum rotation. This method enables the generation of synthetic instances from minority class data points without depending on neighbour proximity. Key Features and Benefits Hyperparameter Control : Quantum-SMOTE introduces several hyperp...

Introduction  Quantum computing holds immense promise, but one of the significant hurdles in its advancement is ensuring fault tolerance. Quantum systems are exceptionally sensitive to external disturbances, leading to errors that can disrupt computations. Therefore, developing robust quantum error detection and correction codes is crucial for realizing practical and reliable quantum computers. Quantum Error Detection Quantum error detection is pivotal in a fault-tolerant quantum computer. Errors in quantum systems can arise from various sources, such as decoherence, gate errors, and operational imperfections. Efficiently detecting and dealing with these errors is essential to perform accurate quantum computations. While several error detection codes have been proposed and realized for systems with a lower number of qubits, scaling these codes to larger systems remains a challenge. The Research Focus In this research, we present a novel error detection code for a (2n + 1)-qubit ent...

Introduction  In the rapidly evolving field of quantum computing, algorithms that outperform classical methods are highly sought after. One such promising approach is solving linear systems of equations using quantum algorithms, which can offer exponential speedup compared to classical algorithms. Our recent study, "Solving Linear Systems of Equations by Using the Concept of Grover’s Search Algorithm: an IBM Quantum Experience," delves into this very topic. The Power of Quantum Algorithms  Quantum algorithms leverage the principles of quantum mechanics to solve problems more efficiently than classical algorithms. Grover's search algorithm, in particular, is renowned for its ability to search unsorted databases quadratically faster than any classical counterpart. By extending this algorithm to solve linear systems of equations, we can potentially revolutionize fields requiring intensive computational resources. Methodology Our approach utilizes Grover’s search algorithm to...

Introduction  In recent years, the exploration of new phases of matter has garnered significant interest in the field of quantum physics. One such intriguing discovery is the discrete-time crystal, a phase of matter that emerges when the discrete time translation symmetry of a localized, periodically driven many-body quantum system is spontaneously broken. This groundbreaking discovery opens up new avenues for understanding topological states of matter and their applications in quantum computing and beyond. Understanding Discrete-Time Crystals  A discrete-time crystal (DTC) is a unique state of matter where time symmetry is broken, leading to a system that exhibits periodic behavior without external periodic driving. This means that even though the system is driven periodically, it responds at a different period, effectively "ticking" at a different rate than the driving force. This behavior can be likened to a clock that ticks at every second beat of a metronome. The Researc...

Introduction  In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the dynamics of the virus spread and the impact of interventions like lockdowns has been crucial. Our research, "Studying the effect of lockdown using epidemiological modelling of COVID-19 and a quantum computational approach using the Ising spin interaction," delves into this issue with an innovative approach. Read the full research paper here Abstract COVID-19 is a respiratory tract infection that can range from being mild to fatal. In India, a countrywide lockdown has been imposed since March 24, 2020, with multiple extensions and varying guidelines for each phase. This study uses the SIR(D) model to analyze how effective these lockdowns have been in "flattening the curve" and reducing the threat of the virus. Accurate modelling requires incorporating various parameters along with sophisticated computational facilities. Parallel to SIRD modelling, we compare it with the Ising model and derive a qua...

Introduction In the realm of quantum computing and information processing, environmental decoherence has often been perceived as a formidable obstacle. However, this phenomenon also plays an essential role in explaining the transition from quantum to classical states—a concept integral to understanding our universe at its most fundamental level. This blog delves into our recent research on demonstrating quantum Darwinism using a quantum computer, providing fascinating insights into the interplay between quantum systems and their environments. Understanding Quantum Darwinism Quantum Darwinism, introduced by Zurek in 2009, is a theory that elucidates how the classical objectivity of quantum systems emerges through decoherence introduced by the environment. This theory bridges the gap between the fragile quantum state and the robust classical state, shedding light on the fundamental processes that govern the quantum-to-classical transition. Our Research Approach Our study explores this ph...

Introduction  In the fascinating realm of quantum computing, researchers continuously push the boundaries of what can be simulated and understood using quantum algorithms. A recent study titled "Quantum simulation of discretized harmonic oscillator" , available here , explores the quantum simulation of a particle in a harmonic oscillator potential on IBM's quantum experience platform. Abstract  In this work, we conduct a quantum simulation of a particle in a harmonic oscillator potential on a quantum chip provided by IBM quantum experience platform. The simulation is carried out in two spatial dimensions and the algorithm used is generalized for n-spatial dimensions. Thus, the mentioned approach can be used to simulate n-dimensional harmonic oscillator. We implement the time translation unitary operator on an arbitrary quantum state to show that the probability amplitudes of position oscillate in time. We propose a quantum circuit to effectuate the time translation operat...

Introduction  Quantum computers promise to efficiently solve important problems that are intractable on a conventional computer. In recent years, quantum computational algorithms have emerged as an exciting new way to explore quantum cosmology. Quantum cosmology is the study of the universe's dynamics without constructing a complete theory of quantum gravity. By leveraging the power of quantum computers, researchers are able to gain new insights into the behavior of the universe on a quantum level. Quantum Cosmology In quantum cosmology, the universal wavefunction exists in an infinite-dimensional superspace over all possible 3D metrics and modes of matter configurations. However, due to the complexity of these calculations, researchers often use a simplified approach known as minisuperspaces. Minisuperspaces constrain the degrees of freedom to particular 3D metrics and uniform scalar field configurations, making the problem more tractable while still providing valuable insights in...

Introduction  As the field of quantum computing advances, the quest to build efficient and reliable quantum computers has led to various innovative methods. These methods differ significantly in qubit technologies, interaction topologies, and noise characteristics. In this blog post, we explore a groundbreaking approach to quantum architecture design that focuses on the circuit-centric design of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. This approach is detailed in a recent study, "Circuit-Centric Quantum Architecture Design," published in IET Quantum Communication . Understanding Circuit-Centric Architecture The circuit-centric architecture design emphasizes the importance of the circuit's size and depth, which are crucial for the efficient execution of quantum operations. This design approach takes into account the interaction and connection between different qubits in quantum hardware. By understanding these interactions, we can optimize the performance of quant...

  Introduction Quantum communication, a cornerstone of quantum computing, has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, particularly in the teleportation of quantum states. Quantum teleportation enables the transfer of a quantum state from one location to another without physically transmitting the particle itself. This study, titled "Complexity analysis of quantum teleportation via different entangled channels in the presence of noise," provides an in-depth analysis of various teleportation schemes and their performance under different noise conditions. Overview of the Study In this research, the authors compare the teleportation of a single-qubit message through various entangled channels. The entangled channels analyzed include: The two-qubit Bell channel The three-qubit GHZ channel Two/three-qubit cluster states A highly entangled five-qubit state (Brown et al.) The six-qubit state (Borras et al.) The primary objective is to calculate and compare the quantum cost...

Introduction The realm of quantum communication holds significant promise for revolutionizing secure data transmission. However, the implementation of quantum communication protocols faces substantial challenges, primarily due to the impact of quantum noise. A recent study delves into these challenges by presenting a deterministic remote state preparation (RSP) protocol designed for the preparation of arbitrary two-qubit entangled states. This protocol leverages a seven-qubit entangled channel, as detailed in a paper by Borras et al. (2007), to achieve its objectives. Key Highlights of the Study Deterministic Remote State Preparation (RSP) Protocol : The study introduces a protocol for deterministic RSP, which allows for the preparation of two-qubit entangled states using a seven-qubit entangled channel. This channel is derived from a state proposed by Borras et al., ensuring a robust foundation for the RSP process. Imp act of Quantum Noise : One of the significant hurdles in quantum c...

Introduction  In the rapidly evolving field of quantum computing, recent experiments on the IBM Quantum Computer-IBMq Lima have unveiled fascinating insights into the behavior of superconducting qubits. Our research, titled "Pairing Hamiltonians of Nearest-Neighbor Interacting Superconducting Qubits on an IBM Quantum Computer," dives deep into this complex subject, presenting groundbreaking findings that could shape the future of quantum simulations. Overview  The experiment focused on pairing Hamiltonians of nearest-neighbor interacting superconducting qubits, utilizing a complete set of algorithms on the IBM Quantum Computer-IBMq Lima. By leveraging the Suzuki–Trotter decomposition, we explored four different types of qubit couplings: Heisenberg, XY, transverse Ising, and longitudinal Ising. The fidelity of these couplings was analyzed as a function of iteration, providing a comprehensive view of their performance and behavior. Key Findings Fidelity and Iteration : One of t...

Introduction In the ever-evolving landscape of quantum computing and robotics, new research continues to push the boundaries of what's possible. One such groundbreaking study is titled "Controlling Remote Robots Based on Zidan’s Quantum Computing Model." This paper introduces a novel algorithm for controlling the direction of quantum-controlled mobile robots, offering a glimpse into the future of remote robotic operations. Overview of the Research The research focuses on a novel algorithm based on Zidan’s quantum computing model, designed to remotely control the direction of a mobile robot equipped with multiple movements. The core of this algorithm lies in measuring the concurrence value for different movements of the robot. Key Concepts Quantum Teleportation Protocol : The study involves a scenario where a robot, situated in deep space and controlled from a ground station, receives an unknown qubit via teleportation protocol. This qubit, represented as α |0⟩ + β |1⟩, is...

 The exploration of quantum computing has opened new frontiers in the simulation of complex physical systems. One such intriguing system is the one-dimensional Ising model, which is pivotal in understanding numerous physical concepts and numerical methods. This blog delves into a recent research paper titled "Simulating the Hamiltonian of Dimer Atomic Spin Model of One-Dimensional Optical Lattice on Quantum Computers," published in the International Journal of Quantum Information. This paper presents groundbreaking work on simulating the Hamiltonian of a coupled one-dimensional dissipative spin system using quantum circuits. Understanding the Ising Model The Ising model is a mathematical model used in statistical mechanics to understand phase transitions in ferromagnetic materials. It consists of discrete variables called spins, which can be in one of two states (+1 or -1). The one-dimensional Ising model, despite its simplicity, is connected to several physical phenomena and...